Carburetor



CARBURETOR. FILED JAN.31,1919. 4 SHEETS- SHEET l.

Jan.; 9, 1923.

LML5. E. .IUILLARD.

CAHBURETOR.

FILED JAN. 31,1919 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Cil

Patented dan.. 9, i923,

liillilltlil.

ERNEST 313111115131), OF GENEVA, SW'I'ZERLAND, ASSIGNOR T0 FIRM: ATELIERS H. CUENOD, SOCIETE ANONYME, OF CHATELAINE, NEAR GENEVA, SWTZERLAND,

CARBURETOR.

Application 'liled January 31, 1919.

To all whom, t may concern.'

Be it known that I, Eunns'r JUi-Lnann, engineer, a citizen of Switzerland, residing at (teneva, Canton of Geneva, in the Contederation oi' Switzerland, have invented certain new and usetul Improvements in Carburetors, oit which the following is a specilica tion.

The object ot the present invention is the provision oi' a carburetor for internal combustion engines.

lt comprises, like other carburetors for in ternal combustion engines, a spraying nozzle, from the outlet opening or openings ot' which there is a tree passage, the area. ot which may be varied at will, and which leads into a mixing chamber. But it diiers there- 'trom in the fact that the tree opening in the mixing chamber varies throughout the length thereof, depending upon the area of the free opening or openings of the spraying nozzle.

The area of the free passage of the mixing chamber, for instance, may vary proportionally to the area of the tree opening or openings ot the outlet ot the spraying nozzle.

rlhe mixing chamber may be laterally bounded by movable walls ot given magnitude forming the side of a. polygon, displaceable in such a way that each ot them always remains in contact at one extremity with the adjacent wall and subjected in the course ot their movement to the action of two guides, to one ot which a. rotary movement may be communicated, which produces the variation in the (,:i'oss-sectionul area ot the chamber. ln such a. case the guide to which a rotary lnovement colmuunicated may control the area oil? the opening or openings ot the slriraying nozzle by the use ot a. valve adapted to close the said opening or openings more or less completely, and participating in the said rotary movement and displaceable at that time along a ramp; the inclination ol.l the latter may be modiiied during the work ing of the motor 'ed by the carburetor.

An adjusting device may be provided tor regulating the opening or openings of the spraying nozzle for a given area ot' the tree passage in the mixing chamber. The valve may be. subject to the action ot a. part which participates in the rotation ot the rotating guide and which 1s in contact with two branches o'l a spring, one of which forms the said ramp and the other. of which Serial lilo. 274,207.

can be displaced with a `view to the adjustment hereinbefore indicated.

In order to facilitate the restarting of the engine ted by the carburetor after it has been running more or less slowly tor a time, the construction may be so arranged that the area ot the mixing chamber then varies momentarily, in the sense oi? an increase, more slowly with reference to the area ot the opening or openings ot' the spraying nozzle. than would otherwise be required to meet the requirements. This result may be obtained :tor instance bythe 'tact that a member controlling the 7alve also controls the displacement of the movable walls of the mixing chamber, but thisby means oit a spring which, only at the end of a certain time, can overcome the inertia of the above walls and eventually `that ot one or more auxiliary members adapted to increase said inertia.

Further it is known that in spraying nozzle carburetors the quantity `of liquid Ltuel leaving the spraying nozzle increases more rapidly than the quantity otl air drawn in by suction, in proportion as the vacuum produced in the carburetor by the motor ted thereby becomes higher particularly when it is question ot high vacuum.` The proportions of liquid fuel and oit air in the mixture are not constant and the mixture becomes richer when the vacuum becomes higher.

In order to overcome this disadvantage the carburetor may have a correcting` device which comprises a pressure gauge subjected to the action ot the pressure prevailing in the neighborhood ot the si'iraying nozzle and controllinga member that acts to :regulate the quantity ot liquid fuel leaving the said spraying nozzle. Y

lt the regulating member' is a member capable of extending more or less deeply into the outlet opening or openings of the spraying nozzle and is connected for that purpose to a part in contact with the said ramp. the pressure gauge may produce a variation in the inclination oli said ramp. ln the case the said member consists et' a. hood provided with. one or more apertures which can be caused to register more or less completely with 'the opening or openings, constituted by cut-away parts ot the spraying nozzle for the purpose ot forming a passage or passages by which the tuel can pass out of the latter, `the above pressure gauge 'may produce an axial displacement of the hood with respect to the spraying nozzle and in this way modifies the length of the free passage or passages.

I will now describe with reference to the accompanying drawings various constructions in accordance with the present invention, but I do not limit myself to the precise constructions described and illustrated.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a central longitudinal cross section and partial elevation of a carburetor made in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 2 is a cross section on line 2"-2, Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross section on line 3-3, Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one of the angular members forming the mixing chamber.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the construction of the discharge valve for the liquid fuel.

Fig. 6 is a central longitu-dinal cross section of a modified form of the invention.

Fig. 7 is a plan of the members forming the mixing chamber in the form of the invention shown in Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a plan of the parts of the mixing chamber taken at the other end thereof. Fig. 9 is a cross section on line 9-9,

l Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged cross section of the supply pipe and the discharge valve for the liquid fuel in the form of the invention shown in Fig. 6.

Fig. 11 is an enlarged elevation of the end of the rod including the valve for admitting the liquid fuel as employed in this form of the invention.

Fig. 12 is a central longitudinal section of another form of the invention.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged central longitudinal section of the form of discharge valve shown in Fig. 12.

Fig. 111 is a perspective view illustrating the bifurcated end of the discharge pipe in the form of the invention shown iu Figs. 12 and 13.

Fig. 15 is a central longitudinal cross section of another form of the invention, and

Fig. 16 is a cross section on line 16--167 Fig. 15.

The first form of the invention as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a vertical cylindrical body a surmounted by` a nipple 7o which is fastened to it by means of a screw thread b1 and to the inlet passage (not shown) of the motor by means of a flange b2. The body a is provided at the side with an external arm al supporting a float chamber cl. The liquid fuel reaches the chamber Z through a pipe e and enters it through an openino` controlled by a needle f actuated by a fljoat, not shown. It leaves the fuel chamber through a passage y which is formed in a horizontal lateral arm ot' the chamber (l and which leads to a chamber .(/l into the upper wall of which the spraying nozzle it is screwed.. The latter. which is vertical, is located in the axis of the body a, extends to a certain extent into the interior of the body through a circular opening a2 formed in the bottom (15" of the body and terminates at the top in a circular chamber h1 (see Figure 5) leading to a flared bell-mouth h2. rIhe outtlow of the liquid fuel from the spraying nozzle 7i, .is controlled by means of a valve comprising a body 3 having the shape of a truncated conc, the angle of which corresponds to that of the flared end 71.2, into which it tits exactly, but the height of the valve is `greater than that of the flared part'. in order that the jet of fuel may be deflected towards the walls of the body u. The valve is provided on one side with a guide l sliding in the axial passage if of the spraying nozzle 71, and having its cross section cut away in the manner shown in .Figure 5 for the purpose of letting the fuel tlow freely. and on the other side with a controlling` rod i2 passing through a guiding cross-bar u in the. nipple Z).

Inside the body a is arranged the mixingl chamber y' which is practically square in cross section and which is bounded laterally by four plane shutters 5/'1 (see also Figure et). Each shutter is provided with a shaft jg projecting upwards and downwards and movable in straight radial grooves (/f, ar formed crosswise in cover of of the body a and in the bottom un" thereof. The shafts jg are moreover in contactiwith rotatable cams .11., 2, arranged below and above the cover e and the bottom nfl, and proA vided with circular openings 1, 1* respectively, corresponding to the opening which is formed in each of these two parts and connected to one another by means of sti-nts Z. One of the struts or pillars Z is provided with a controlling` lever n1. passing through an opening (1,T in the body rl. and enabling the cage formed by the cams Zd. .12. and b v these struts, to be rotated at will. Springs n each hooked on to the shaft of each shut'- ter jl and acting on the lateral ledge ,i of the adjacent shutter keep these shutters in eon tact with one another at one end and also press the shafts 7'2 on to the periphery of the cams .11, Zcg. It will be found by reference to Figure 2 that if under these conditions the cage is rotated in a clockwise direction the shafts are moved inwards in the grooves a4, a5, while the springs n, als ways keep the shutters j in contact with one another, and the cross-sectional area ol the chamber j increases. lVhen on the contrary an angular movement in the other direction is communicated to the cage, the

fl t) ltltl llt) cn l Lineas shafts je move outwards in the slots at, c5, and the cross-sectional area of the said chamber y' decreases. rll`he form of the cams is such that the said cross-sectional area varies in proportion to the angle through which the cage is rotated. The shutters jl are furthermore provided with upper and lower flanges jt, j, triangular' in shape, slidin g over the cams 701, 7a2 and closing the parts of the circular openings 7c3, 7c'1 which are located outside the square cross section of the said chamber j.

rlhe valve member c' of the spraying nozzle 7L is controlled by the cage. F or this purpose the rod 1 is provided with a ring 1, kept in contact by means of a spring` c with a cross bar zo the two extremities of which pass into straight .longitudinal slots 01 formed at diametrically opposite places in a cut-out cylinder o connected to or integral with the Lipper cam 721. `When the cage is rotated the cross bar w is made to revolve simultaneously, at the same time beingfree to rise or fall, loweringor raising,1 the valve rod and valve to produce a variation in the free area of the aperture of the spraying nozzle 71,. 'llo this end the said cross bar fw rests outside the cylinder o on a flat horseshoe-shaped spring y), fixed centrally by two screws s to the cover ai@ of the body.` a small plate g being interposed between the cover c and the spring,` j; in order that both ends of the latter may be a substantial distance from the cover. These ends, in consequence of the conformation ofthe spring, both tend to move away from the cover a, but are maintained in theI desired position by means of screws r1, r2 with milled heads, carried by the nipple b. Under normal circumstances the branch p1 of the spring is lrepthorizontal by the screw r1, while the branch U2 forms a helical ramp the inclination of which is determined by the position of the screw r2. `When the cross bar w is carried along by the upper cam 721 and by the cylinder in the rotation of the latter, one of its extremities moves in a horizontal plane on the branch p1, while the other rises o r descends along` the branch 722. '.lhe valve approaches or recedes from the flared opening 71,L of the spraying nozzle 71, to an extent equal to half the vertical displacement of the extremity of the cross bar fw and proportional to the angle of rotation of the cam 701. i

rl'he construction described operates in the following manner:

fWhen the suction of the motor is acting in the nipple b, and consequently in the chamber j, atmospheric air enters through the openings a2, 7c4 while liquid fuel leaves the spraying nozzle h in the form of a sheet of circular cross section, which is met by the air drawn in `by suction and which finally strikes against the shutters y1, upon which it breaks. lf the ring` lever m is actuated in an anti-clockwise direction, the cross-sectional area of the chamber is diminished., but at the same time the free cross-sectional area of the aperture of the spraying nozzle ,t also diminished, and the parts are so designed that the and air are diminished proportionally in order that the composition of the mixture remains substantially constant. The same is the case if the lever is moved in the opposide direction: the cross-sectional area of the chamber and the free cross-sectional area of the aperture of the spraying nozzle 7L increase with the composition of the mixture being substantially the same.

The variations in the cross-sectional area of the chamber j produce the desired variations in the quantity of explosive mixture drawn in by suction, and consequently the desired variations in the power furnished by the motor.

One advantage of the above construction resides in the fact that Carburation ahvays takes place at ample velocities of the air in the mixing* chamber, from which there results an energetic caiiryingrfiloni); of the fuel and the complete vaporization thereof, without loss of fuel.

The shutters jl of the chamber y' are kept in contact with one another not only by the springs n but also b v the difference between the pressures prevailingf inside and outside the chamber As has been said, the branch 721 of the spring` y? is normally located in a horizontal plane. ln order to bring the carburetor into correct adjustment it is however necessary for the member i to entirely close the aperture of the sprayin nozzle 71 when the crosssectional area of the chamber j is zero, or at least when it is a minimum. This result is attained by modifying, by means of the screw r1, the position of the said branch 2191 and by slightly raising or lowering its free extremity.

The screw r2 may be connected to a controlling member located near the (meiator of the engine, thus enabling,- the said operator while traveling` to vary the admission of the fuel and ulodify the composition of the mixture according to circumstances.

l't will also be understood that other andv equivalent devices may be employed for the accomplishmentiof the objects of my inu vention.

rlhe form of the invention shown in Fig. 6 comprises a vertical cylindrical body a made in one piece with` the float chan'iber el on the one hand and with the nipple o2 on the other hand. rlhe open bottom of the body is litted with a plate c lined thereto and provided with a circular' openingr a?, 0n the plate a5 there rests a d isc 7c provided with a central circular rim 7:1, and which in its turn is provided with a central opening 7a2 serving tor the passage of air. On the disc are also placed tour symmetrical pieces jl, see also Figures 't' to '9, movable with respect to one another and enclosing between them a mixing chamber j, ot variable square cross section7 into which there opens the spraying nozzle L. The said area is varied. by .simultaneously displacing' the four pieces jl, at the same time keeping them in Contact with one another. lllflith this end. in view they are each provided with a longitudinal slot jl, extending the whole of their height and affording a passage lior a vertical pin or peg integ al with the top ot the body a and also a shallow longitudinal groove 7'3 that takes a transverse projection il of a small plate jfl, of the adjacent piece jl. This small plate f5 is provided with a pin j lodged in a Igroove in the dise 7c. lf the disc is rotated by means ot' a controlling arm m passing through an aperture in the cover a, the parts jl are constrained to move all. together and relatively to one another in such a way as to increase or to diminish the area ot the chamber j. In the internal faces ol the said pieces il are formed cavities j? in which the spraying nozzle 7L is lodged when the above mentioned cross-sectional area is small.

In the opening lli-l (Fig. 10) of the spraying nozzle 7L can enter to a greater or smaller' extent a valve comprising a head 3 and also a cylindrical lower part 'il the diameter ot' which is equal to that of the opening and which is provided with two lateral plain laces i2 (see also Figure 1l), diametrieally opposite to one another and Yliorming a beveled end part. ln proportion as the member z' is raised, starting from the position in which its part il completely close the opening hl. the area ot the latter lett tree by the said part l is increased. The head 7f3 is connected to a sleeve Z which is capable out rotating freely about the spraynig nozzle z. and which provided with large openings Zl to curable the fuel that escapes 'trom the openii'ig zfl to pass into the chamber j. rThe sleeve Z, is integral with an arm lil, provided with a linger Z3 restingl on an inclined pla p ointed at gl to the lower part of the arm g. lt' therefore the sleeve Z is rotated, the finger Z3 rises or falls., carrying the sleeve Z with it and altering the tree area of the opening tl. This rotary movement is produced by opera-ting the arm m by means of an arm 7a4, with which the dise 7o is provided and which passes through an opening e in the plate t5 and is provided with a flat spring n terminating in a fork nl which embraces the sleeve Z above the arm Z2 and causes the disc 7c to rotate with it.

lThis second construction is provided with a correcting device comprising a pressuregauge bei; l G and l0) having a vertical axis and composed ol' a ring ll and o l? two thin plates ll. The plate y) bears on the centre ot the upper plate lll through the medium o't a point pl, while the lower plate l2 is carried by a nipple 2 screwed into au arm 3 ot the tank (l. rlhe position ot the bo); l may be adjusted vertically b y screwing up or down the nipple 2, which is held in its place by means ot a lock nut 'lhe interior otl the box, is in connuuuiealion` by means ot passages in the nipple il in the arm 3, 5 formed in the wall oll the tzlnli Z and in the upper part ol the body u, with the bottom t) ot a truncated conical p'uszulfe b3 lormed in the nipple and forming a coutinuation oli' the chamber y'.

The second torni ot the invention operates in the lollowing manner:

According to the power retpiired oi the motor, the arm @u is rotated in one direction or the otherj which has a double result: the area oit the chamber j and the area ol,E the. opening zfl made to vary. in. a manner -which is approximately piwuwrtional to one another in substantially 'the saine manner as that described in the 'liorm ot' the invention shown in litige-1. l to 5 inclusive.

The two plates l ot the latter yield under the action ot th atmospheric pressure in proportion the vacuum in o" increases. So long as the latter is small or moderate. however, the lowering ot the bor; slight and the ratio between the two areas remains substantially the same. On the contrary when the vacuum becomes high. the upper plate l2 descends considerably and causes the f i t' to diminish the tree area ot the opening more rapidly than the area of the ian'iber j decreases. The two areas cease o be proportional to one another7 but the ;atio between the air and the 'lfuel in the mixture remains substantially the same as it was betere.

llhen the cross-sectional area ot the chain ber 7' is practically zero7 it is desirable vlor 'the opening /l to be completely olor-:eil ln' the part fil. rlllie desired aaliustnwut is ei'- 'liected by screwing up or down the nipple Q which raises or lmvers the sleeve and the valve.

ln the lorm o'l the invention illustrated in Figures l2 to le, the spraying nozzle is a tube it* screwed into the arm g. pierced lroin one side to the other vi'ith a hole ot the same diameter and provided at the top with two rectangular slots 705 diametrically opposite to one another. (ln the tube /lx there is a rotating hood 0 in which are termed two rectangular apertures 0l adapted tio register with the slots fr and in. this way tfletermine the area oiz the passages through which the iiuel leaves the spraying nozzle The hood` 0 fits trictionally in a circular opening in a split arm o', which is also provided with :L slot in which is lodged a pin 1' of the plat i fill lllll laziness llhenthe latter is rota-ted for the purpose of varying,` the area of the mixing chamber j, a rotary movement is communicated to the hood 0, and the width of. the passages formed by the slots 71.15 and the apertures 01 is altered, and thereby the flow of fuel is varied. The arm gis placed between two flanges o?, 02 of the hood o, one of which made in one piece with the latter while the other is fastened to it, in such a way that the hood is caused to rise or fall with it. rlihis arm is provided 'with a projection ([1, bearinp on the centre of the upper plate 12 of the pressure-gauge box 1, and kept in contact with the said plate by meansof a flat spring s. In proportion as the vacuum produced in the mixing chamber becomes higher, the two plates 2 yield, the arm q and the hood 0 sink; and the height of the free cross section of the passages formed by the slots v') and the apertures 01 diminishes, with the result that for high vacuums the proportion of fuel to the air in the mixture may remain substantially constant. i f

As indicated in the introduction, in certain cases it may be convenient to have. a very rich explosive mixture after restarting the motor when it has been running more or less slowly, while for all other speeds the ratio of the area of the mixing-chamber to the area of the opening or openings of the spraying nozzle is maintained constant. This result is obtained by the fourth construction of the invention. In this construction (Figs. 15 and 16) the body a, is provided at its bottom part with a circular trough having the central opening (1,2 for the inlet of the air, and, its top is closed by a neck b fitted into it and held in position by a 'washer 10. rllhe trough encloses the rotatable disk 12 supporting` the four mixing chamber' members jl similar' to those hereinbefore described.

rllhe hood o of the spraying-nozzle It is fitted frictionally within a circular hole of a split arm q which embraces a pin fr' of a rotatable disk 7c, said disk being lodged Within the bottom of the trough of the body (t and being provided with a handle fm. On a pin X15 fast on disk 7: is attached a spiral spring 'il the other end whereof is attached to uy pin l21 fast on the disk 12. 'lhe latter is provided on a part of its circumference with teeth 122 engaging with a pinion 13L .keyed onto a vertical spindle 18 fitted at its top with the ily-wheel 132 intended to in crease* the inertia opposed to a rotation of disk 12 and to the displacing of the pieces jl.

rllhe operation of this fourth construction is as follows:

lWhen slowly moving the arm m in order to vary the quantity of fuel delivered by the spraying-nozzle the spring- 11 will transmit almost instantaneously the movement to the disk 12 which moves the pieces jlL so as to increase or to decrease the area of the chamber j. litwill also slowly-rotate the flywheel 182, but its inertia under these condi tions will be of no account.

lf it is desired to decrease suddenly the output of the motor the arm m has to be rapidly moved in the desired direction. The apertures o1 will at once register in a less degree than before with the slots 715 and the delivery of fuel will be decreased. Owing to the inertia of disk 12 of the members jl, and of the fly wheel 132 the disk 12 can not closely follow the rotating` movement, the spring` 11 will be extended but the area of the chamber j will for a while remain as it was before; much air will enter and but a small amount of fuel and the mixing will be very poor. The spring 11 however will soon start the disk 12, the pieces jl and the fly wheel 132 and will displace the members j1 so as to diminish the said area, until it will have attained the same ratioas before with regard to the area of the apertures of the spraying nozzle.

If it is desired to increase the engine speed rapidly, the arm fm, will have to be swung rapidly in the opposite direction. Again the area of the apertures of the spraying-nozzle will at once be changed, but this time in the sense of an increase of the fuel delivered. While the disk 12 cannot follow at once the pull of spring` 11, the area of the chamber j continues for a moment the same as it was before and the air enters to a small amount. From these two facts will result a very rich mixture facilitating the starting of the motor. After a certain time the spring` 11 will overcome the inertia of the disk 12(1 of members jl and of the fly wheel 132 and will bring the members j1 into the position corresponding with the adjusted area of the apertures of the spraying-nozzle 7L,

1t has been stated in the foregoing' that the area of the chamber j and the area of the opening or openings of the spraying' nozzle vary in the Same proportion in such a way that the composition of the mixture remains substantially constant. The relationship existing;` between these two areas might of course be different, and it might be such that the first area increased or diminished more rapidly than the second, in order to obtain a variation in the composition of the mixture instead of substantial constancy in the composition.

Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, l declare that what l claim is 1. ln a carburetor and in combination, a casing, a plurality of walls, the combined Walls forming an elongated mixing ehamber, the area of which is variable but constant throughout its entire length ttor any adjustment thereof, means 'for maintaining a part of each Wall in contact With a part of the next adjacent Wall, means for shitting the positions et the said Walls to vary the cross sectional area of the mixing chamber, and a spraying nozzle extending` into the said mixing chamber.

2. In a carburetor and in combination, a plurality of rectangular Walls forming an elongated mixing chamber, an extension placed at an angle to each of the said rectaneular Walls, pivot pins connected to each ot the rectangular walls and the extensions thereof and upon which each rectangular wall and its extension is shi't'table, yielding means for maintaining an edge o1 each of the rectangular Walls in Contact with a tace oit the next adjacent rectangular Wall, means cooperating with the said pivot pins and yielding means for shifting the positions of the rectangular Walls to Vary the cross sectional area oi the mixing chamber, and a spraying nozzle.

8. In a carburetor and in combination., a

casing, a cage comprising disks, and spacer rods revolubly mounted in the casing, a plurality of rectangular walls forming an elongated mixing' chamber mounted in the said cage, means :tor maintainingT the edge oit cach rectangular Wall in position against the face of the next adjacent rectangular Wall to form a continuous and closed mixing chamber, pivot pins upon which the said rectangular Walls are mounted in the said cage, cam

members by Which the said rectangular walls are shifted in turning the cage to vary the positions of the rectangular walls against the action of the aforesaid means to var v the cross sectional area ot the mixing chamf ber, a sprayingnozzle, and means for actuating the said cage to shiit the positions ot the said rectangular Walls to vary the cross sectional area ot the said mixing;` chamber.

ln testimony whereof l have allxed my y f 

